Prosopagnosia What You Should Know About Face Blindness

Imagine seeing yourself in the mirror, yet being unable to describe your face when you turn away. Imagine picking up your daughter from school and only recognizing her by her voice or because you remember what she wore that day. If these situations sound familiar to you, you may have prosopagnosia. Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a cognitive disorder characterized by an inability recognize faces, including ones own face. While intellect and other visual processing generally are unaffected, some people with face blindness also have difficulty recognizing  animals, distinguishing between objects (e.g., cars), and navigating. In addition to not recognizing or remembering a face, a person with prosopagnosia may have trouble recognizing expressions and identifying age and gender. Key Takeaways: Prosopagnosia Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is the inability to recognize or remember faces, including ones own.Prosopagnosia may result from brain damage (acquired prosopagnosia), but the congenital or developmental form is more common.While once considered rare, scientists now estimate as much as 2.5 percent of the United States population may be affected by face blindness. How Prosopagnosia Affects Life Some people with prosopagnosia use strategies and techniques to compensate for face blindness. They function normally in daily life. Others have a much harder time and experience anxiety, depression, and fear of social situations. Face blindness can cause problems in relationships and in the workplace. Types of Face Blindness There are two main types of prosopagnosia. Acquired prosopagnosia is caused by occipito-temporal lobe (brain) damage, which in turn may result from an injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, artery infarction, hemorrhage, encephalitis, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, or neoplasm. Lesions in the fusiform gyrus, inferior occipital area, or anterior temporal cortex affect response to faces. Damage to the right side of the brain is more likely to affect familiar face recognition. A person with acquired prosopagnosia loses the ability to recognize faces. Acquired prosopagnosia is very rare and (depending on the type of injury) may resolve. The other main type of face blindness is congenital or developmental prosopagnosia. This form of face blindness is much more common, affecting as much as 2.5 percent of the United States population. The underlying cause of the disorder is unknown, but it does appear to run in families. While other disorders may accompany face blindness (e.g., autism, nonverbal learning disorder), it need not be connected with any other condition. A person with congenital prosopagnosia never fully develops the ability to recognize faces. Recognizing Face Blindness Adults with prosopagnosia may be unaware other people can identify and remember faces. What is perceived as a deficit is their normal. In contrast, a person who develops face blindness following an injury may immediately notice the loss of an ability. Children with prosopagnosia may have trouble making friends, since they cant easily recognize others. They have a tendency to befriend people with easily recognizable features. Face blind children may find it difficult to tell family members apart based on sight, distinguish between characters in movies and thus follow the plot, and recognize familiar people out of context. Unfortunately, these problems may be perceived as social or intellectual deficits, as educators arent trained to recognize the disorder. Diagnosis Prosopagnosia may be diagnosed using neuropsychological tests, however, none of the tests is highly reliable. The famous faces test is a good starting point, but individuals with associative prosopagnosia are able to match match familiar faces, so it will not identify them. It may help identify persons with apperceptive prosopagnosia, as they cannot recognize either familiar or unfamiliar faces. Other tests include the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT), Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), and 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20). While PET and MRI scans can identify the parts of the brain activated by face stimuli, they are mainly helpful when brain trauma is suspected. Is There a Cure? At present, there is no cure for prosopagnosia. Medications may be prescribed to address anxiety or depression that may stem from the condition. However, there are training programs to help people with face blindness learn ways to recognize people. Tips and Techniques to Compensate for Prosopagnosia People with face blindness look for clues about a persons identity, including voice, gait, body shape, hairstyle, clothing, distinctive jewelry, scent, and context. It may help to make a mental list of identifying features (e.g., tall, red hair, blue eyes, small mole above lip) and remember them rather than trying to recall the face. A teacher with face blindness might benefit from assigning student seats. A parent may distinguish children by their height, voices, and clothing. Unfortunately, some of the methods used to identify people rely on context. Sometimes its easiest to simply let people know you have trouble with faces. Sources Behrmann M, Avidan G (April 2005). Congenital prosopagnosia: face-blind from birth.  Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.).  9  (4): 180–7.Biotti, Federica; Cook, Richard (2016). Impaired perception of facial emotion in developmental prosopagnosia.  Cortex.  81: 126–36.Gainotti G, Marra C (2011). Differential contribution of right and left temporo-occipital and anterior temporal lesions to face recognition disorders. Front Hum Neurosci. 5: 55.Grà ¼ter T, Grà ¼ter M, Carbon CC (2008). Neural and genetic foundations of face recognition and prosopagnosia.  J Neuropsychol.  2  (1): 79–97.  Mayer, Eugene; Rossion, Bruno (2007). Olivier Godefroy, Julien Bogousslavsky, eds. Prosopagnosia. The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke (1 ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 315–334.Wilson, C. Ellie; Palermo, Romina; Schmalzl, Laura; Brock, Jon (February 2010). Specificity of impaired facial identity recognition in children with suspected developmental prosopagnosia.  Cognitive Neuropsychology.  27  (1): 30–45.  Schmalzl L, Palermo R, Green M, Brunsdon R, Coltheart M (July 2008). Training of familiar face recognition and visual scan paths for faces in a child with congenital prosopagnosia.  Cogn Neuropsychol.  25  (5): 704–29.Nancy L. Mindick (2010).  Understanding Facial Recognition Difficulties in Children: Prosopagnosia Management Strategies for Parents and Professionals (JKP Essentials). Jessica Kingsley Pub.

U.S. Economic Crisis Essay - 870 Words

The United States is currently experiencing the biggest financial crisis after the Great Depression, in this paper we will discuss what caused the current economic crisis and why? Two What is the relationship between mortgages, the housing crisis and Wall Street? Third, how has this crisis affected fiscal policy and what are some of the drawbacks of government intervention. Four, what is the recession doing to GDP, economic growth and inflation and how are other countries faring. Five, discuss the different types of unemployment and why is underemployment becoming an economic issue and lastly, what should be done to get the economy back into expansion mode. One main factor that caused the current economic crisis†¦show more content†¦These loans were result of large acquisitions or lack of due diligence on loan purchases by these large firms according to Muolo, P (2007). Fiscal policy is the government expenditure and revenue collection to influence the economy before the current economic crisis the government policy was increasing home ownership. This crisis has affected fiscal policy and the government has intervened by providing simultaneous packets to companies that have been affected by the economic crisis. In February 2008 President Bush signed into law a $168 Billion economic stimulus packet, which was intended for the consumer to simply spend their rebates to cover higher food and fuel prices. Then in February 2009 President Obama signed the American Recovery and reinvestment act of 2009, a $787 billion stimulus package that was allocated to help struggling homeowners. Some other programs the U.S Government passed was the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 or Bailouts of Major financial institutions. There were some drawbacks by government intervening pose risks to price, financial, and fiscal stability. According to the economy of United States are the worlds largest it’s normal GDP was estimated to be $14.2 trillion in 2009. The total U.S Federal debt was $10.62 trillion, while the U.S public debt is the world’s largest in absolute size. This debt as aShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Crisis Is the Greate r Challenge than Pandemics to U.S. National Interest535 Words   |  2 Pagestransform interconnectivity between sovereign nations’ political, social and economic cultures. For centuries, globalized improvements in infrastructure (communication, economies, trade, and ideas) have allowed sovereigns to improve interdependence with others. This essay will present why the economic crisis, a global issue, is the greater challenge than pandemics to U.S. national interest. Regarding pandemic challenges, the U.S. has among the world’s best health care. The ability of the Center for DiseaseRead MoreInternational Monetary Fund Role : Imf1275 Words   |  6 Pagestheir website (www.imf.org), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 188 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. The organization was created in 1945 and is governed by and accountable to the 188 that make up its near-global membership. Some notable countries that are part of the IMF are the United States, JapanRead MoreCauses Of The Mexican Peso Crisis965 Words   |  4 Pageslittle mistakes to bring Mexico’s economy down. The Mexican peso crisis started because of the U.S. influence towards Mexico’s currency. The U.S. dollar has a significant value, and after the huge increased it h ad during the end of the year of 1994, the Mexican economy went down. People were choked and panicking, and investors were flying out of the country, making things even worse. What is the Peso Crisis? To begin with, the peso crisis started in December 1994 because of the sudden devaluationRead MoreSocioeconomic Aftermath Of The Crisis1883 Words   |  8 PagesSOCIOECONOMIC AFTERMATH OF THE CRISIS Despite the overall success of the International Monetary Fund and the United States to prevent additional contagion from the Mexican peso crisis throughout the broader global financial systems, the crisis nevertheless proved devastating to the Mexican economy and its population. The devaluation of the peso and capital flight plunged the Mexican economy into a deep recession, national GDP dropped by 6.2% throughout 1995, and multiple banks collapsed as poorRead More1994 Mexican Currency Crisis4565 Words   |  19 Pages and the measures taken in response to the Mexican currency crisis of 1994-1995. The first objective is to assess the reasons for the crisis. Why did Mexico, a once immensely desirable investment destination become the bain of the international financial community following December 1994? The second and chief objective is to assess the impact of the crisis on the foreign exchange and stock markets. The report answers why the crisis adversely affected the Latin American market indices while theRead MoreThe Procter Gamble Company3911 Words   |  16 Pagesname: GRA 6544 – Multinational Corporate Finance Hand out date: 11.09.2012 Hand in date: 25.09.2012 Study place: BI Oslo Table of Contents Abstract: ii 1. Mexican economic conditions 1 a. Change in Mexican economic and political conditions during the 1970s and 1980s 1 b. Mexico’s economic and political climate in 1991 2 2. Financing options 2 3. Financing risk, foreign exchange risk and business risk 8 4. Attractiveness of Mexico’s capital market 9 5. Conclusion:Read MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of Broward College920 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper: The Global Financial Crisis Michelle Beira Broward College There have been few financial crises in the United States. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 to 2009 was the most recent and before that was The Great Depression of the 1930s. The Global Financial Crisis actually began in 2007 when prices of homes tanked. It not only affected the U.S. but it also affected economies overseas. The entire investment banking industry, some of the biggest insurance companies, enterprisesRead MoreThe European Crisis Of Greece, Spain, And The United States1587 Words   |  7 PagesDifficult economic situations often create international conflict and human rights abuses. Recently, the European economy experienced an enormous debt crisis. The crisis created unstable economic and social situations in many countries. The Eurozone crisis negatively affects Greece, Spain, and the United States. First, the European Union crisis elicited a health crisis in Greece. Second, the European Union crisis caused unemployment and stress in Spain. Third, the EU crisis ge nerates negative implicationsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Crisis of 2008 in Comparison to the Great Depression of the 1930s Introduction The economic crisis’ of the 1930s and 2000s greatly impacted the United Sates (U.S) and the world. The Great Depression and Global Crisis were both major economic crisis’s the originated in the United States and spread to foreign markets around the world. The Great Depression is regarded as the biggest economic downturn, due to many factors like the stock market crash. The Global Crisis on the other hand, was aRead MoreThe Great Recession Of 2008 Was A Worldwide Economic Downturn1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Recession of 2008 was a worldwide economic downturn that impacted the global economy. Economists consider the economic decline as one of the most damaging recessions that occurred since the Great Depression of 1930’s. Several documentations and research regarding the recession have been made to make a better understanding of the economic downturn in 2008 as well as the global economy as a whole. The book used as reference in this essay, the Diary Of A Very Bad Year: Confessions of an Anonymous

The Cycle Of Socialization ( C.o ) - 1549 Words

1) Define describe the Cycle of Socialization (C.O.S), the Cycle of Liberation (C.O.L). Explain how they relate to how Hip Hop has been shaped, giving two examples from either reading and/or in class. - The Cycle of Socialization is the cycle in which shapes who we are mentally, morally, and characteristically. The first step in the COS, is the Lens of Identity. This is where the person is socialized through their own personal lens, or they are taught on a personal level. Examples of this is one’s peers, teachers, or family. There is usually unquestionable trust in these people. The second step is Institution Culture, where we are bombarded with subliminal messages by these two factors each day. Institution, would be things such as School, a Business, or the Media (one of the largest in the institution factor). Culture, would be things like what we have done in class, such as studying lyrics, language, patterns of conscious and unconscious though. The last step, is the Lens of Experience. This is one of the most important, because we have now become experienced in life, and know many things that many may not ever know. With this though, we have two choices of what we can do. The first choice, is to do nothing; we can remain stagnant, and ‘go a long to get along’ because that is the easier way to do things. Or, we can cause change, raise consciousness, and interrupt the stagnant problem help with fixing it. When we do this though, it leads into the next cycle,

Free sociological perspective Essays and Papers free essay sample

What is Sociology? After doing discussion two and having to read from the textbook or just looking up the information I have a better understanding of what sociology is so let me break it down to you. Basically, sociology is an analysis of human society and culture from a sociological perspective. I couldn’t put it any simpler then it’s the study of society. It examines how humans interact with social acts and social relationships, individual personality, groups/ communities or organizations. Sociology emerged in the early nineteenth century in response to the challenges of modernity. (Crossman) The term sociology was coined by French Philosopher A. Comte in 1838, who is known for the â€Å"father of sociology†. Comte thought science could take place to study the I guess you could call it the social world. (Crossman) There are three perspectives over sociology which are structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. I’m going to give you a little insight on each one before I go in depth with them. We will write a custom essay sample on Free sociological perspective Essays and Papers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I’m going to start off with Structural functionalism which is the way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole. Conflict theory is the way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power and lastly, Symbolic interactionism is one to one interactions and communications. Sociologists develop theories to explain different social events, interactions, and patterns. Each perspective has different macro-level theories, functionalism and conflict theory tries to operate as a whole and symbolic interactionism focuses on interactions between individuals.Conflict perspectiveI’m going to start off with the conflict perspective, conflict perspective is exactly what it sounds like â€Å"conflict† social conflict theory tries to show us that society creates conflict due to many different things that go on, on our everyday life. Micro-level orientation is a thing sociologist will use just because of it simple and it takes society as a whole and not individually and how it affects us. Karl Marx who I guess you could say came up with the conflict perspective thought that 2 groups of people in our society are the poor and the rich. Social conflict can be good or it can be bad, he studied what the outcome would be if one the rich or poor decided to rise against the other he also looked at each role that would play. Good that could come out of conflict perspective is like an uprising against the local govt. The government fights its own people to keep control. Battles that took place earlier in a lifetime were fought for land, money, power. Some bad that could come out of it would be shootings, bomb threats or actual bombings, and violence that takes place everywhere and every day. Conflict theory is basically like if I’m in power/ control right now I’m going to do everything in my power to keep it that way, not if I’m not in power to get in the position where I will be in control.Structural functionalismThe second perspective I’m going to talk about is the structural functionalism